Forgotten Nexus

The numbers we use every day—0 to 9—have their roots in ancient India. Long before modern science and European math flourished, Indian scholars introduced a revolutionary number system that transformed how humans calculate, trade, and understand the universe. India didn’t just give the world the numeral zero. It developed the decimal system , pioneered early forms of algebra , trigonometry , and even calculus —centuries before their formal discovery in Europe. These innovations shaped the future of commerce, science, astronomy, and digital technology. In this article, we’ll explore how Indian mathematics became the foundation of global progress , influencing everything from early trade to artificial intelligence. 1. The Birth of the Hindu-Arabic Numeral System India’s Place-Value Innovation The modern number system—known as the Hindu-Arabic numeral system —originated in India between the 3rd and 5th century CE. It introduced two game-changing ideas: Ten digits (0–9) Place v...

Buddhism, founded over 2,500 years ago by Siddhartha Gautama—the Buddha—began as a spiritual path in ancient India. What started as a local movement soon expanded into one of the world’s major religions, shaping cultures and societies far beyond its birthplace. From the peaceful monasteries of India to the royal courts of China, the Zen temples of Japan, and even modern wellness centers in the West, Buddhism’s journey is a powerful story of cultural exchange, spiritual insight, and global impact. This article explores how Buddhism spread from India to China, Japan, Southeast Asia, Tibet, and the Western world. Along the way, it developed into different schools like Theravāda , Mahāyāna , and Vajrayāna , each influencing local traditions in unique ways. By understanding this global journey, we see how Buddhism evolved from a regional belief system into a worldwide path of mindfulness, compassion, and inner peace . 1. The Birthplace: Buddhism in Ancient India Buddhism started in th...

 In the annals of world history, few stories are as astonishing as that of the East India Companies—private corporations that transformed into global colonizers. These companies, led by Britain, the Netherlands, and France, began as simple trading ventures but evolved into powerful forces that ruled over foreign lands. Backed by royal support and driven by profit, they gained control over trade routes, built private armies, and governed millions. This article uncovers how these companies blurred the line between business and empire, turning commercial interests into political domination. Their actions not only reshaped Asia and Africa but also laid the groundwork for modern-day capitalism and global corporate influence. What Were the East India Companies? The East India Companies were joint-stock companies set up by European powers between the 1500s and 1700s. Though privately run, they were given special rights by their governments to trade in Asia and beyond. These companie...

Long before modern medicine and chemistry took shape, ancient India had already developed a rich and advanced healing system that blended natural science, spirituality, and metallurgy. This was known as Rasayana —the Ayurvedic path of rejuvenation. Often misunderstood as just a quest to turn metals into gold, Rasayana and Rasashastra (Indian alchemy) were much more. They aimed to boost longevity, immunity, and overall well-being using herbal, mineral, and metallic formulations. Rooted in Ayurveda , this early science worked with powerful natural substances like mercury, sulfur, and medicinal herbs, processed through refined techniques. In this article, we explore the origins, principles, techniques, key contributors, and modern relevance of Indian alchemy and Rasayana—India’s proto-science of healing and transformation. What is Rasayana? The Ayurvedic Science of Rejuvenation The word Rasayana is made of two Sanskrit terms: “Rasa” – meaning essence, juice, or mercury “Ayan...

The conflict between the Mughals and the Marathas was more than just a fight between two powers—it was a decisive struggle that shaped India’s political, cultural, and military future. As the Mughal Empire began to weaken due to internal problems and overexpansion, the Marathas rose from a regional force to a powerful challenger. Their aim was to restore native rule and reshape India's destiny. From the rugged lands of the Deccan to the heart of Delhi, this clash was not only about land and power—it was about identity, freedom, and the soul of India. The Mughal Empire: From Glory to Decline The Mughal Empire was founded in 1526 by Babur after his victory at the First Battle of Panipat. It reached its peak under Emperor Akbar (1556–1605), who introduced a strong administrative system, encouraged religious harmony, and built a solid economy. Key Highlights of Mughal Rule: Centralized Governance: The Mansabdari system ranked nobles based on their position and military strength...

Separated by thousands of miles and vast oceans, ancient India and Mesoamerica stand out as two of the world’s most advanced early civilizations. Despite having no known contact, both developed astonishingly similar advancements in architecture, mathematics, astronomy, religion, and symbolism. From pyramid-style temples and the invention of zero to sun worship and sacred serpent symbols, the parallels between these cultures raise an intriguing question: Were these similarities just coincidences, or do they hint at a forgotten connection across the seas? This article explores the most striking similarities between ancient Indian and Mesoamerican civilizations and the compelling theories that continue to fascinate historians, archaeologists, and curious minds around the world. 1. Overview of the Civilizations Indian Civilization (c. 3300 BCE – present) Major Eras Indus Valley Civilization (3300–1300 BCE) Vedic Period (1500–500 BCE) Maurya & Gupta Empires Classical a...